Rafe is a leading global voice on consumer protection and competition policy in digital financial services and the digital economy. For nearly 20 years, Rafe has been a leading voice for the needs and rights of consumers in digital finance. Rafe brings a researcher’s creativity to the challenges of policymaking, and works with governments and financial service providers in countries across Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Rafe’s current work includes analysis of open finance policy models and consumer protection issues such as fraud risks in mobile money. As the first Director of the Consumer Protection Research Initiative from 2019-2022, Rafe developed a portfolio of more than 20 consumer protection research projects addressing digital consumer credit, pricing transparency, fraud in digital app stores, and other emerging risks in digital economies. Prior to his time at IPA, Rafe was the director of a Kenyan consulting firm specializing in consumer protection policy, and before that led CGAP’s work on consumer protection and behavioral research for 7+ years. A talented researcher and writer, Rafe has designed and executed field research including surveys, mystery shopping, behavioral experiments, and randomized impact evaluations, as well as policy analysis and regulatory reforms.